引言
金属分离器用于从散装物料、液体或废物流中检测、提取或分离金属污染物。在塑料加工中，它们常用于保护挤出机、注塑机、吹塑机和配混设备，同时提高产品纯度并减少废品。
在塑料和回收领域，该术语涵盖磁选机、涡流分离器以及基于传感器的电子金属探测器。磁选机针对黑色金属，涡流分离器针对铝和铜等非铁导电金属，电子金属探测器在输送机或自由落体流中识别金属并触发自动剔除。随着再生料使用比例提高和质量要求日益严格，金属分离器的重要性持续上升。
历史与发展
金属分离从简单永磁体发展为连续工业作业的高度工程化分离系统。早期用途集中在从谷物、矿物和食品粉末中去除杂铁，以保护研磨设备并保持质量。关键里程碑包括工业磁选机的普及、涡流分离技术商业化，以及传感器型分离器集成到塑料加工线中。
主要特性和技术概览
选择金属分离器需考虑金属类型、物料形态和所需洁净度。干粉、颗粒、丸料、薄片、破碎薄膜和混合再生料都需要不同的几何结构和剔除机构。主要工作原理包括磁选、涡流分离和电子金属探测。
在塑料回收中，分离器通常安装在挤出或再生造粒线上游，以从颗粒、薄片或回料中去除金属碎片。某些自由落体或管道系统可检测约0.2毫米的颗粒，而具体灵敏度和处理量取决于物料特性、安装位置和分离器型号。
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