はじめに
バイオベースの ポリアミド (bio-PA) は、一部またはすべてのモノマー原料が化石由来の石油化学製品ではなく再生可能なバイオマスから得られる工学用 熱可塑性樹脂 のファミリーです。工業的な実践では、bio-PA は通常、従来のナイロンと同じ ポリアミド 化学を指しますが、バイオベースのジアミン、ジア酸、アミノ酸、またはラクタムから製造され、主な市販グレードには PA 11、PA 10.10、PA 10.12、PA 6.10、PA 6.12、PA 4.10、PA 5.10、PA 6.19、および PA 6 および PA 66 の新しい部分バイオベース変種が含まれます。
この材料は、ポリアミドの慣れ親しんだ加工性と性能プロファイルを、化石炭素への依存を低減した形で組み合わせる点で重要であり、特に靭性、耐薬品性、耐疲労性、耐久性が求められる用途で顕著です。Bio-PA はまた、再生可能原料、高性能プラスチック、繊維、テクニカルフィルム、自動車用チューブ、電気部品、リサイクル可能なポリマーシステムの交差点に位置するため、戦略的に重要です。
市販の bio-PA は、ひまし油由来の長鎖脂肪族ポリアミド、特に PA 11 に端を発し、その後、糖、植物油、リグノセルロース経路から構築される部分および完全バイオベースグレードに拡大しました。現在の開発は 2 つの方向に進んでいます。従来の ナイロン の性能に匹敵するかそれを超える高バイオ含有量のエンジニアリング樹脂と、バイオベース含有量をマスバランス、リサイクル、低炭素製造と組み合わせたより循環型の生産経路です。
歴史と開発
ポリアミドは化石ベース時代に合成工学材料として最初に開発されましたが、多くの ポリアミド モノマーが類似の鎖構造と特性を持つ再生可能分子から得られることが研究者と製造業者によって認識されると、バイオベース経路が魅力的になりました。ひまし油は特に重要となり、セバシン酸および PA 11 や PA 10.10 などの長鎖ポリアミドに適した関連中間体を提供します。
バイオベースモノマー合成の規模拡大と既存の ポリアミド 工場および コンパウンドシステム への統合をメーカーが習得するにつれ、工業的商業化が加速しました。主要なマイルストーンは PA 11 の成熟した高性能樹脂としての確立であり、その後、bio-based PA 10.10、PA 6.10、PA 5.10、PA 6.19 のより広範な導入に加え、新しいバイオベース共重合ポリアミドおよび繊維・テクニカル用途向け特殊繊維が続きました。
より最近の開発は、加工性と性能を維持しながら温室効果ガス強度を低減することに焦点を当てています。これにより、天然充填剤、繊維強化、ハイブリッド再生可能原料を備えたバイオベース配合物や、糖およびリグノセルロースバイオマスからの先進モノマー経路が生まれました。
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